This short piece was developed for a graduate seminar that I teach on public finance and budgeting, and I thought it would be of interest to other ICMA members. If anyone has any questions, don't hesitate to contact me. Roger Roger L. Kemp, MPA, MBA, PhD, ICMA-CM (Career City Manager - CA, CT + NJ) Practitioner in Residence (PIR) Department of Public Management School of Public Service University of New Haven E-mail: rlkbsr@snet.net Tele: (203) 686-0281 Personal Mailing address: P. O. Box 342, Meriden, CT 06450