This report discusses the relationship of risk-based standards and institutional controls to successful brownfields cleanup and redevelopment. By amending cleanup standards to increase regulatory flexibility, many states have facilitated more brownfields cleanups. Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) is a cleanup strategy that integrates exposures and risk-assessment techniques into traditional remediation processes. Institutional controls are legal requirements that help ensure a risk-based approach to cleanup that maintains the appropriate levels of public health and safety for the property's intended use.