This report is a result of a two-year effort by EPA's Long-Term Stewardship (LTS) Task Force established under the One Cleanup Program. The report presents particular LTS challenges and opportunities for improvement identified by the Task Force, and makes recommendations for how EPA and state, tribal, and local partners should proceed in addressing them. This report also defines long-term stewardship, explains the importance of LTS, and details what EPA and others are currently doing to address LTS issues.