The forces that perpetuate the status quo are powerful and changes often are temporary and evolutionary, not permanent and revolutionary. This report dives into that neither the Great Recession nor state actions have induced cities and counties to initiate fundamental and permanent alterations in the scope, quality, or delivery of services in many communities. Nor did they produce dramatic changes in the local jurisdictional or intergovernmental landscape. Leveraging change from both inside and outside government is a formidable challenge.