Results of a 2011 survey conducted by ICMA in collaboration with Dr. Donald F. Norris and Dr. Christopher Reddick, the survey examined local governments' use of e-government, including the types of online transactions, use of cloud computing, positive changes that e-government has introduced, and barriers to e-government. Local governments report that providing their citizens with access to information is the most important reason they have adopted e-government. Among the positive changes reported as a result of e-government are improved local government communication with the public and improved customer service.