If you want to understand what leadership really is, why not ask local government managers? They practice leadership every day. This article highlights the author's recent research project, in which managers were asked "What is leadership." Identifies and elaborates on five behaviors: scientific management, excellence management, values leadership, trust leadership and whole-soul, leadership. Points out that understanding different viewpoints can help overcome personal and organizational self-deception and resolve organizational dilemmas, not only for changes in policy and procedure but also for leadership activities.